แนวทางการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุในท้องถิ่นโดยใช้โรงเรียนผู้สูงอายุเป็นฐาน

The research project on “Guidelines for improving the quality of life for the elderly in the local area by using the elderly school as a base” in the responsible areas of Technical Promotion and Support office 4, including 1) Maklua Kao Sub-district, Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province 2) Non Samran Subdistrict, Mueang Chaiyaphum District, Chaiyaphum Province 3) Tajong Subdistrict Municipality, Lahan Sai District Buriram Province 4) Takhian Subdistrict, Kab Choeng District, Surin Province 5) Bak Ruea Subdistrict, Chanachai District, Yasothon Province, and 6) Ta Chong Municipality, Huai Thap Than District, Sisaket Province. Aimed to study the level of quality of life of the elderly in the local area. The studying is for improve the quality of life of the elderly in the local area and to study the guidelines for improving the quality of life for the elderly by using a school for the elderly as a base. This research is an Applied Research; studying by using integrated research methodology. (Mixed-methodology), which is the quantitative study by using the questionnaires. This was a survey with the elderly in the study area, total 600 samples. For the qualitative study by using focus group discussions with the School Board in the elderly school and the transcription of lessons with the elders of the school for the elderly in the study area. The quantitative data analysis by using percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The qualitative data were analyzed by classification and descriptive form. The results of the research found that; 1. The level of quality of life of the elderly in the study area was at a good level for physical health (57.5 percent), a good level of mental quality of life (57.5 percent), and a good quality of life in social relations (44.7 percent), and the environment was at a good level (49.7 percent). As for the access services was found that the elderly who had access to and used the services the most were thorough and fair monthly pension payments (90.7%), facilitation and safety for the elderly directly, such as handrails in the bathroom, handrail wheelchairs, etc. (50.8 percent). 2. The needs of the elderly in the study area include physical health; The elderly needs convenient health care services in the community and self-care. Psychologically; the elderly needs to be visited for encouragement/consumables/consumers for the poor in the community. Giving advice and solutions about the problems of people in the community and want the disadvantaged for elderly to take part in the activities of the school for the elderly. Social relations; the elderly wants to has a role in the management of the senior school, grouping for various learning centers such as the Sufficiency Economy Learning Center, Organic Agriculture Learning Center, folk art learning centers, etc. For help the elderly to have activities to reduce the stress and can also earn more income. It is both a distribution channel for products and the transfer of wisdom - continuing the arts and culture of the area as well. The propose of the project was ask for budget support from outside agencies and increasing the number of target groups of school seniors aged 55 years and over to become the mentors and take care of the elderly in the schools. Environment; Older people need school activities for elderly people to roam. Knowledge of using technology for the elderly and online distribution channels. Welfare section; the most demanding of the elderly under the 2019 coronavirus epidemic is an increase in the same pension for all ages, that is 1,000 baht. Increased income Community Health Services social service in the community. Knowledge of health care, including food and medicine of COVID-19 and equipment and supplies for living with COVID-19. 3. Guidelines for improving the quality of life for the elderly in the local area by using the elderly school as a base, the school activities for the elderly can be classified as follows: Physical health; including having basic knowledge about health care, exercise, eating hygienic food, visiting to encourage the elderly group in homebody/bedridden patient. Mental health; including recreational activities such as arts and culture by using folk wisdom. Music activities: dance, long drum dance, Mo Lam Klon, worshiping dance, Kongka dance, etc. Artificial arts activities: sandalwood flowers from the lottery. Making baisri from banana leaves. Making products from local materials, glutinous rice baskets from reeds. Citronella mosquito repellent products. Social relations; including local government organizations: support budget for commute to school, home repair, support for consumer-consumables. School / Non-National Education: Support IT language lecturers. Temples: support places and teaching practices that are suitable for Buddhism religion in daily life. Subdistrict Health Promotion Hospital: giving advice on proper diet, drug use, first aid, knowledge of various diseases, and health checkup for the elderly, etc. The environment; including the use of IT and social networks for communication and searching. Agricultural promotion office: distribution of vegetable seeds/planting vegetables in a kitchen garden/cultivation of pesticide-free vegetables, raising earthworms (for composting) and separating waste. Welfare; includes visiting the elderly in the community by Subdistrict Administrative Organization, members of the school, District Health Board / Subdistrict Health Board, CG, nurses, bringing consumer and consumer goods to help the poor elderly in the community. Cremation Fund for elderly members and underprivileged elderly. In addition to improve the quality of life for the elderly through activities of the elderly school must have an idea to improve the quality of life for the elderly to become a potential elderly person, or elderly people who live longer live, mental health, having social relationships and having a good environment. There must also be satisfaction in life. Being an elderly person who takes care of himself - self-reliance, do what they want according to their own potential and can be helpful for others. They must also be prepared for changes that will be happen. Lifelong learning is one way that to become a potential senior citizen. The school for the elderly is a mechanism to develop the capacity of the elderly to provide lifelong education for the elderly as well. Therefore, the appropriate activities of the elderly school must be together with the development of potential elders, such as activities that the elderly must know, activities that seniors should do and activities that the elderly would like to know. And the elderly school must encourage the elderly to do the activities too. Recommendations from the research are; 1. There should be a transcript of interesting activities to expand the continuity of the activities and extend the effect to nearby elderly schools. 2. Extending the activities of the elderly school for to be up-to-date with the current situation of the elderly, such as learning about technology (IT), caring for the elderly in the terminal stages. 3. Increasing the role of the elderly by utilizing the potential of the elderly as a role model or retired civil servants with knowledge and abilities to support activities for the elderly in the elderly school to learn together or to let the members of the elderly school seniors teach younger generations. 4. Upgrading of the Quality of Life Development Center and promote careers for the elderly and the elderly school to be a social assistance center in the district. To facilitate the elderly, who are vulnerable groups, to access services and to be assisted to cover all dimensions in a holistic way and to improve the quality of life of the elderly in the community. 5. Bringing social capital in the community such as social funds, community welfare fund, savings fund, can be support the activities of the elderly school. 6. The adoption of rights and welfare for the elderly according to The Elderly Act 2003 (Revised Edition B.E. 2533) has been used as a guideline in the preparation of various courses and activities. 7. The preparation of the curriculum of the elderly school should take into account the activities that the elderly must know, should know and want to know, as well as encourage them to do it, along with developing the potential of the elderly as well.

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สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงการพัฒนาสังคมและความมั่นคงของมนุษย์
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